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Jim Crow Was Created by the Ku Klux Klan

illustration: person and birds on bench

Sorry. No. Jim Crow was not even created by a southerner.

The original Jim Crow character was a trickster like Loki in Norse mythology. Jim Crow was invented by the black culture and had been around for decades before the character was kidnapped and changed by the Father of American Minstrelsy, Thomas “Daddy” Dartmouth Rice. The song “Jump Jim Crow” was also of African-American origin.

Rice said that he was inspired by a crippled black stable groom who sang and danced while he worked. Blackface minstrelsy was already popular. Rice created a caricature of African- Americans as being lazy, shiftless, watermelon stealing, impudent, uneducated, and stupid.

Jim Crow became Rice’s signature act by 1832. It made him rich and famous. This is decades before the Ku Klux Klan. Rice was from New York, so the Jim Crow stereotype was not originated by a southerner.

Minstrelsy was low (cheap quality) comedy for the masses. Using blackface was common, as were stereotypes of all kinds of people. In that sense, Jim Crow was not unusual.

Here’s why Jim Crow mattered: Many people in the north had never met a black person. The Jim Crow character was all the information they had, so the stereotype was believed to be truth by many northerners. Also, the name Jim Crow was applied to post-Reconstruction laws and programs promoting oppression of African-Americans, but which had no actual connection to the character of Jim Crow.

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